Why Do Ancient Chinese Coins Have Holes? A Collector’s Guide to Cash Coins
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Why Do Ancient Chinese Coins Have Holes? A Collector’s Guide to Cash Coins
Among the most iconic artifacts in numismatics are the ancient Chinese cash coins—round, bronze coins with a square hole in the center. These coins weren’t just currency; they were tools of trade, symbols of harmony, and even talismans of good fortune. At Notescounter, we love exploring the stories behind the design—and these coins are full of them.
A Design Rooted in Function and Philosophy
The square hole wasn’t just decorative. It served multiple purposes:
Practicality: Coins could be strung together on cords for easy transport—often in bundles of 100 or 1,000 called diao or chuan.
Manufacturing: The square hole allowed coins to be mounted on rods for filing and finishing after casting.
Symbolism: In Chinese cosmology, the round shape represents heaven, and the square hole symbolizes earth—a balance of cosmic forces.
This design dates back to the Warring States period (475–221 BCE) and became standardized during the Qin Dynasty, continuing for over 2,000 years.
Inscriptions and Dynasty Marks
Most cash coins feature inscriptions in Chinese characters, often indicating:
The reign title of the emperor
The mint location
Auspicious phrases like “Tong Bao” (通寶), meaning “circulating treasure”
Collectors often seek coins from specific dynasties, such as:
Tang Dynasty Kaiyuan Tongbao – the first to use regular script
Song Dynasty matched coins – featuring varied calligraphy styles
Qing Dynasty Kangxi Tongbao – known for craftsmanship and historical significance
Coins as Talismans
In Feng Shui and traditional Chinese culture, these coins are believed to attract:
Wealth and prosperity
Protection from negative energy
Harmony between heaven and earth
Even today, replicas are tied with red string and placed in homes or wallets to invite good fortune.
Collector Value and Rarity
While many cash coins are affordable (often under $10), certain types command higher prices:
Rare mints or short-lived reigns
Coins with flower-shaped or rosette holes
High-grade examples with clear inscriptions
Some coins from the Han or Tang dynasties can fetch hundreds, especially if well-preserved or tied to significant historical events.
Tips for Collectors
Start with common dynasties like Qing or Song to build familiarity
Look for clear inscriptions and minimal corrosion
Use archival-safe sleeves to preserve patina and detail
Verify authenticity, especially for rare or high-value pieces
Whether you're drawn to the symbolism, the history, or the aesthetic charm, Chinese cash coins offer a rich collecting experience. At Notescounter, we celebrate the stories behind the currency—and these coins are among the most poetic of all.
